Fourteen countries have launched or contemplate initiatives focused on Bitcoin.
Beyond mining, governments obtain exposure to Bitcoin through their reserves.
A recent report reveals that, as of September 2025, more and more countries actively integrate Bitcoin (BTC) in their economies, mainly through digital mining. Some 14 nations have implemented or proposed specific programs in this sector, with 10 of them already in operation, which exceeds other adoption modalities such as strategic reserves or tax payments with the digital currency.
The energy surplus allows several countries Obtain and store bitcoin through mining operations digital, without resorting to direct purchases. According to the Bitcoin Policy Institute, at least ten nations, including Bután and Oman, already actively participate in this activity.
It should be noted that Bután, as Cryptonoths reported, has accumulated bitcoin equivalent to almost 40% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) thanks to its abundant hydroelectric energy, while Oman has allocated $ 1.1 billion to mining infrastructure.
Among the most outstanding cases is Argentina that Take advantage of the natural gas stranded to boost its operationswhile Ethiopia became the first African country to start Bitcoin mining.
For their part, they will force all Bitcoin generated by legal miners to be sold directly to the Central Bank. This as part of a strategy to accumulate digital asset reservations and counteract international economic sanctions.
Bitcoin mining in Iran was endorsed by the State in September 2018, a decision that was well received by local and foreign miners who have operations in the country. Later, in 2020 a policy was implemented that channels the income of mining towards the government, taking advantage of the abundant low cost of Iran, mainly of natural gas.
“Mining backed by governments is the most common form of exposure to Bitcoin, with ten countries already active and three more considering similar initiatives,” says the report. Analysts claim that this approach is attractive because it converts energy resources not used in a digital asset with a potential for appreciation. They believe that Bitcoin allows countries to diversify their reserves against geopolitical uncertainty.
According to the document, The currency created by Satoshi offers a portable and sanctions -resistant alternativewhich makes it attractive in a context of decline in the demand for American treasure bonds. As more nations join, BTC mining could be consolidated as a pillar of global adoption.
El Salvador also stands out as a pioneer, with around 470 bitcoin mined to strengthen its strategic reserve. However, the trend is not limited only to national governments. This is because, as Cryptonoticia reported, the Municipality of Panajachel in Guatemala was undermining Bitcoin in 2022, but since then it has not been known if this activity is active.
On the other hand, the Sovereign Fund of Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates, promotes large -scale mining projects.
It should be noted that Venezuela also had a presence in the documentwith a government mining industry that was previously active. However, cryptootics does not have records that confirm your current activity, and the report does not offer additional details about your situation.
Bitcoin beyond mining: confiscations and taxes
In addition to mining and direct accumulation, some governments have acquired exposure to Bitcoin passively, mainly through seizures related to illegal activities.
In this line, countries such as Bulgaria, China, Finland, Georgia, India, United Kingdom and Venezuela have retained BTC confiscated to Citizenswhich allows them to maintain a significant position without making active purchases in the market, according to the report.
Although this strategy does not seek to increase reservations, it reflects that several nations already have Bitcoin and could consider it a strategic resource.
Another emerging route for the adoption of BTC at the governmental level is the acceptance of tax payments in the digital asset. Although it is currently limited to subnational jurisdictions and not to national policies, cases in the United States and Switzerland show that this practice can grow over time.
Through this mechanism, governments can receive and maintain Bitcoin directly, avoiding depending on the secondary market, and opening a new dimension to integrate cryptocurrency into the formal economy.