S2morrow uses Falcon-512, a post-quantum scheme standardized by NIST.
The implementation of S2morrow did not involve any forks or changes to the protocol.
The Starknet team, an Ethereum second layer (L2) network, announced the deployment of S2morrow, a tool that allows you to create and use accounts (wallets) with post-quantum cryptography and which is now operational.
The implementation of S2morrow did not involve changes to the protocol, the announcement explains. This tool, available on the s2morrow.xyz website, allows people with technical knowledge generate postquantum keys, sign transactions and deploy your own account with that type of crypto on the main network.
Accounts created with S2morrow use Falcon-512a scheme for signing transactions based on lattices, a mathematical structure that is considered resistant to the quantum algorithm of Shor (the method by which a sufficiently powerful quantum computer could derive private keys from public keys).
Falcon-512 was standardized by the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2024, after years of international review. The S2morrow account is working normally on Starknet, but verify the signatures with that scheme instead of the algorithm ECDSAthe standard in networks such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and many others.
Eli Ben-Sasson, co-founder of StarkWare Industries, the company developing Starknet, called the launch a first concrete step towards quantum resistance: “Starknet will be ready for quantum computers,” stated.
Why didn’t Starknet require a fork?
The deployment did not require changes because in Starknet each account (wallet) is a smart contract that defines its own validation rules, including the cryptographic signature scheme that accepts. Changing crypto is equivalent to deploying a new contract.
In Bitcoin and Ethereum, the cryptographic signature scheme is built into the base protocol. Changing it requires a coordinated update of the entire network: validators, clients, exchanges and applications must adopt the new scheme at the same time. It is a process that can take years and concentrates significant coordination risks.
Starknet works differently. Its architecture incorporates native account abstractiona design in which each wallet is an independent smart contract that defines its own security rules, rather than inheriting them from the protocol, including the cryptographic signature scheme it accepts. According to the releasethis converts post-quantum migration in a gradual process in which users can move when they are ready, different schemes coexist on the same network and no one has to coordinate a single cut-off date.
What is missing for the end user?
S2morrow is not available to the common user yet. The statement acknowledges that the only current obstacle to broader adoption is wallet integrations. Until now, popular Starknet wallets like Argent or Braavos They have not yet announced public support for these types of accounts.
Once they do, users will be able to easily migrate from traditional ECDSA accounts to post-quantum accounts without disruption. However, integrating a new cryptographic scheme into a production wallet involves security audits, interface changes, and compatibility decisions.
A Google report that shortened deadlines
The quantum threat is no longer a distant theoretical concern. Google established that the migration to post-quantum structures must be carried out before 2029.
Additionally, and as reported by CriptoNoticias, the Google Quantum AI team published a study on March 30 that reduced the quantum resources necessary to break Bitcoin’s cryptography by almost 20 times. According to that report, a quantum computer could crack a Bitcoin public key in less than nine minutes, below the average block mining timewith less than 500,000 physical qubits. That would make it technically possible to intercept a transaction in transit before it is confirmed on-chain.
In this framework, S2morrow represents a possible route for Starknet so that its users can protect themselves from the quantum threat, demonstrating that an architecture that separates cryptography from the base protocol allows it to move without waiting for anyone.