In an article published in the Financial Times, the President of the Republic, Javier Milei, invites artificial intelligence (AI) to “liberate itself” in the free lands of Argentina.
The note is misleading: it begins with a science fiction melody in the title where its writer presents himself as the liberator of synthetic intelligences, as an anti blade runnerto gradually become a tourist business pamphlet written by a head of state, in which they exalt the advantages that the legal emptying of Argentina is preparing for technology magnates and his experiments.
Consciously or not, the touch of science fiction and futurism in the press release It has the same effect on technology enthusiasts that the public religion of the ruling class had on the Romans. Namely, an orderly maintenance of the social body and a metaphysical enthrallment while serious adults play tic-tac-toe of economics, politics and the law.
Milei says in the Financial Times:
Just as the industrial revolution freed us from the limitations of human muscle power, AI will free us from the limitations of the human brain, boosting productivity beyond our wildest dreams.
Javier Milei, anarcho-capitalist president of Argentina.
That techno-optimism is just the surface of his press release promoting Argentina to the tycoons. It is the sporadic reminder on national TV that the highest leader is one more: who also drinks water, goes to the bathroom and experiences longings and dreams.
The rest of the pamphlet is what secures the deals and distributes the promises.
First, through the law, by creating a contradiction in addict called “non-human corporation” within the corporate categories of Argentine law. Milei defines this legal fiction as “entities operated by AI agents or robots,” pointing out that “human shareholders can participate [en estas corporaciones] but it is not mandatory.”
But in the current state of AI, there is no such thing as the possibility of a “non-human corporation.” ‘Corporation’ comes from corpus (body) and I will corporatize (take body). Artificial intelligence has no body. ‘Corporation’ means “organization composed of people”, whereby “non-human corporation” violates the principle of non-contradiction.
Of course, the argument against the existence of the “non-human corporation” is not reduced to etymological theses and literal definitions. There are compelling technical reasons to decide not to give real entity to this legal fiction.
Without exception, it is a human who animates the soul in the machine. Always. And if there were a meta program that started other programs in an infinite loop, there would always be a human link in the process at the beginning and end of the causal chain, so be it because the human is the master of the hardware and the outlet.
Even in scenarios of greater recursive autonomy or in that of the mythical singularitythe problem of ultimate responsibility in the field of AI does not dissolve; it only becomes harder to track and more impactful to society.
If a human is lazy and pragmatic enough not to create the code themselves, they still have to enter prompts, rules, limits and instructions into Claude so that the AI does it for them. Otherwise, the human would not be working with a computerwhich is precisely what it is doing.
According to Aristotle, God is the first unmoved engine that sets all things in motion. Today, in the state of the art of artificial intelligence, the Human is the unmoved engine that drives computers and AIs.
Because artificial intelligence needs input human. Autonomously, it only acts within the sandbox designed by the programmer. If there are stray AIs, the fault lies with the human who formalizes them without preventing them from practicing evil, which becomes technically possible but only within the rules of the sandbox that he himself created.
It is not only, then, that non-human corporations cannot exist outside the legal fictions or narratives, because a degree of human participation is always mandatory. The thing is that the liberator, promising to break the chains of the artificial Prometheus, gives up legal fiefdoms and physical plots so that their owners can abuse the use of AI in deregulated environments. In other words, legalizing the transportation of non-sentient labor to Argentina, which does not constitute a crime, but rather an evasion of corporate responsibilities regarding the effects of its massive use in society.
The coup de grace is given by Milei when, after creating a corporate category for something that does not exist, he also decides granting commercial companies that fit this model a status of limited liability. “Limited liability is not a luxury for these entities; it is an essential condition for their existence.”
When you extend the concept of a limited partnership to a corporation composed entirely of AI (separating factual risks from someone’s liability) what you get It is the abolition of risks for a fictitious entity that no longer feared them, because he cannot feel physical or moral coercion.
And since according to the law the human owner or shareholder is dispensable in this model of society (that is, he may not exist in some cases, which is false), the result is a state deregulation of the level of liability for damages that can be attributed to an AI while hiding the beneficial owner, the true owner of the corporation (because it “may” not exist).
Milei invokes the limited liability of the Dutch East India Company 1602 as historical precedent. But that legal fiction always had humans behind it who could lose capital or reputation. Here even that layer is removed and those who are even there, although they are not seen, disappear from the law: humans.
Thus, AIs and their hidden beneficiaries begin to have privileges that, although beneficial for investment and economic growth, are already difficult to justify for traditional legal entities.
Yuval Noah Harari, the famous narrative critic, makes a critical review relatively good of this legal figure that Milei inaugurates. I say relatively because he also writes science fiction when in many judgments he makes he grants omnipotence and general autonomy, outside of discrete computerized systems, to AI, which relegates it to the corner of apocalyptic techno-superstition. On the same spectrum, but opposite, is Milei, the libertarian techno optimist.
The Israeli author recounts:
Like traditional corporations, these non-human corporations will enjoy legal personality. Presumably, they will be able to own assets, hire employees, engage in international trade, sue you in court, and even donate to political campaigns. Unlike traditional corporations, they will be able to do all this without the intervention or responsibility of any human being. All decisions about buying, selling, contracting, investing, litigation and donations may be made by AI agents.
Yuval Noah Harari, author of Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow
Those who will be able to do all those things that Noah lists, but through automated labor, are the hidden beneficiaries of the “non-human corporations” that cannot not exist: the human entrepreneurs and the technological tycoons.
The most impressive thing about the new technological era that “should allow AI to develop without premature regulation” in Argentina is that it is happening without prior understanding of Bitcoin and cypherpunk technologieswhich harbor a beautiful core of humanist values.
The rise of AI and the love for automated economic benefits took a quantum leap to arrive first in history that the adoption of anti-state technologies at the service of the human which by philosophy Milei should defend.
Argentina is on the way to closing a business of perfect asymmetry: AI “takes risks” that do not exist for it, but real for society; and the human controller reaps profits while the new corporate model gives him an extra boost: it not only limits losses, but also responsibilities.
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